English-speaking universities continue to dominate the world, according to a new ranking from the Times Higher Education supplement released Thursday.
And for the first time in the ranking’s 12-year history, a UK university hit the number one spot. It knocks the five-time champion, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), into second place.
The rankings are based on teaching, research, and citations of every university, with each category weighted at 30% of the overall mark.
Industry income and international outlook were also taken into account but were given a much smaller weighting in the eventual score.
Here are the top 21:
21. University of Michigan, US — 83.6
Teaching: 79.4.
Research: 86.1.
Citations: 95.8.
Overall: 83.6.
One of the biggest research centres in the US, Michigan was attended by President Ford and Google cofounder Larry Page. Mysteriously, a large cube-shaped object sits on campus, balanced on one corner so students can spin it around despite its weight.
20. Northwestern University, US — 83.7
Teaching: 75.8.
Research: 85.0.
Citations: 97.0.
Overall: 83.7.
The university was only opened in 1855 and had only 10 students and two teachers. It was not until 1869 that women were allowed to learn at the institution.
Now it is one of the most prestigious universities in the world and has Nobel Prize-winning alumni- novelist Saul Bellow and economist George Stigler. Even author George R. R. Martin, whose novels inspired the "Game of Thrones" television series, attended.
19. Cornell University, US — 84.6
Teaching: 79.7.
Research: 86.5.
Citations: 97.2.
Overall: 84.6.
A private Ivy League university with a mission to "discover, preserve, and disseminate knowledge," Cornell boasts a glorious campus in upstate New York that allows students to hike around the Finger Lakes. It also has daily bell performances, a tradition dating back to 1868.
18. Duke University, US — 84.7
Teaching: 80.7.
Research: 80.
Citations: 98.8.
Overall: 84.7.
One of the wealthiest universities in the US, Duke is known for its sporting prowess as much as its academics, and its basketball squad is one of the best college teams in the US. President Richard Nixon graduated from here, as did future heads of Apple, JPMorgan, and PepsiCo.
17. Johns Hopkins University, US — 85.9
Teaching: 77.4.
Research: 84.3.
Citations: 98.4.
Overall: 85.9.
The university's motto is "Knowledge for the world." The prestigious university counts 36 Nobel Laureates as faculty staff and students - both past and present- and is home to more than 3,000 international students.
16. Columbia University, US — 86.1
Teaching: 86.9.
Research: 78.9.
Citations: 98.6.
Overall: 86.1.
Notable alumni of Manhattan-based Columbia include Presidents Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt, as well as a founding father - Alexander Hamilton. It also enjoys a massive endowment value of $9.6 billion last year.
15. University College London, UK — 86.5
Teaching: 77.4.
Research: 90.0.
Citations: 94.0.
Overall: 86.5.
Founded in 1826, UCL became the first English university to admit women on equal terms as men in 1878. UCL has one of the biggest postgraduate schemes in the country, at 52% of the entire student body.
14. University of California at Los Angeles, US — 86.6
Teaching: 82.9.
Research: 89.0.
Citations: 98.4.
Overall: 86.6.
UCLA is known for its encouragement of community - undergraduates usually begin with a year-long "Cluster Course," a team-taught exploration of a demanding topic. It also has a great student-exchange program, with more than 2,400 students going abroad each year.
13. University of Pennsylvania, US — 87.1
Teaching: 85.9.
Research: 88.9.
Citations: 98.6.
Overall: 87.1.
Established before the US even became a sovereign nation, UPenn claims to be the oldest multi-faculty university in the country. It also has the nation's oldest student union and first "double-decker" football stand. Noted alumni include President William Henry Harrison, as well as modernist writers Ezra Pound and William Carlos Williams.
12. Yale University, US — 88.2
Teaching: 88.5.
Research: 87.8.
Citations: 97.8.
Overall: 88.2.
The third-oldest higher-education institution in the US, Yale takes its cue from Oxford and Cambridge by having residential colleges. Five American presidents have studied there: William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. Make that six if Hillary Clinton wins this year's election.
T=10. University of Chicago, US — 88.9
Teaching: 88.1.
Research: 89.1.
Citations: 99.1.
Overall: 88.9.
A leading centre of science, the University of Chicago also has prestigious literary alumni, including Saul Bellow and Susan Sontag. It is also the university where film icon Indiana Jones studied.
T=10. University of California at Berkeley, US — 88.9
Teaching: 82.4.
Research: 96.1.
Citations: 99.8.
Overall: 88.9.
Dropping five places from last year, Berkeley is still hugely prestigious, and its San Francisco setting makes it a real draw for students looking to study in a vibrant city. It also has a legacy for activism: Some of the best-known Vietnam War protests took place on its campus during the 1960s and 1970s.
9. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Zurich, Switzerland — 89.3
Teaching: 81.5.
Research: 93.7.
Citations: 92.5.
Overall: 89.3.
Jumping four places from 2015, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology is known for its groundbreaking research as well as teaching excellence in natural sciences and technology. Twenty-one Nobel laureates have studied or taught at the university, while about 80 patent applications a year come from there.
8. Imperial College London, UK — 90.0
Teaching: 86.4.
Research: 86.6.
Citations: 97.3.
Overall: 90.0.
Imperial is known for its pursuit of science. Its Central London setting also makes it popular for foreign students - 51% of its student body are from overseas. The university's motto is "Scientia imperii decus et tutamen," which means "Scientific knowledge, the crowning glory and the safeguard of the empire."
7. Princeton University, US — 90.2
Teaching: 89.5.
Research: 88.4.
Citations: 99.2.
Overall: 90.2.
Princeton is devoted to teaching, offering residential accommodation to undergraduates across all four years of study, which means 98% of them live on campus. The beautiful surroundings are attractive to tourists too: 800,00 people visit the campus each year, bringing in a revenue of $2 billion.
6. Harvard, US — 92.7
Teaching: 87.5.
Research: 98.3.
Citations: 99.7.
Overall: 92.7.
Harvard is one of the world's most prestigious institutions for all faculties. It's the oldest university in the US, and it also has one of the largest endowments of any on this list, raising $1.5 billion in 2013.
5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US — 93.4
Teaching: 90.3.
Research: 92.3.
Citations: 99.9.
Overall: 93.4.
Eighty-five Nobel Laureates have studied at MIT, which was founded in 1861. The university likes to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, and its living alumni have apparently started more than 30,000 active companies.
4. University of Cambridge, UK — 93.6
Teaching: 90.6.
Research: 97.2.
Citations: 96.8.
Overall: 93.6.
Cambridge isn't quite as old as Oxford University, but with an 800-year history it is still one of the longest-running universities in the world. It has more than 100 libraries, with over 15 million books among them.
3. Stanford University, US — 93.8
Teaching: 92.6.
Research: 95.9.
Citations: 99.9.
Overall: 93.8.
One of the largest campuses in the US, Stanford benefits from being right next to San Francisco's Silicon Valley. President Herbert Hoover was part of Stanford's first class, in 1895, while the first American woman to enter space, Sally Ride, graduated from there in 1973.
2. California Institute of Technology, US — 94.3
Teaching: 95.5.
Research: 95.7.
Citations: 99.8.
Overall: 94.3.
A UK university knocked five-time champion Caltech into second place this year, mainly because of its slight drop in its research score. Caltech is renowned for its science and engineering courses, but any degree here is sure to be a winner.
1. University of Oxford, UK — 95.0
Teaching: 89.6.
Research: 99.1.
Citations: 99.2.
Overall: 95.0.
Oxford has become the best university in the world. For an institution that was reportedly founded in 1096, that's a remarkable run. It also boasts 30 world leaders among its alumni, including 26 British prime ministers.